Certain substitute interest payments that are made or received in the ordinary course of a taxpayer's business (such as securities lending transactions conducted in the ordinary course of a taxpayer's business with a broker dealer).The Final Regulations narrow the scope of items of income or expense that are specifically defined as interest by excluding: Significant modifications to the 2018 Proposed Regulations include the following: Section 1.163(j)-1 contains definitions used throughout the Final Regulations. Section 1.163(j) -1: Narrowed definition of interest, but expanded anti-abuse rule Certain activities, such as performing services as an employee, are excluded from being a trade or business. The IRC Section 163(j) limitation does not apply to certain trades or businesses, such as an electing real property trade or business, an electing farming business and certain activities of regulated utilities. Business interest expense (BIE) is interest that is paid or accrued on indebtedness that is properly allocable to a trade or business. IRC Section 163(j) limits the deduction for business interest expense for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, to the sum of (1) the taxpayer's business interest income (BII), (2) 30% of the taxpayer's adjusted taxable income (ATI), and (3) the taxpayer's floor plan financing interest. This Alert highlights the significant changes to the 2018 Proposed Regulations and describes the key aspects of the Proposed Regulations applicable to partnerships, foreign corporations and foreign persons with effectively connected income (ECI). As a result, taxpayers should immediately begin to model and assess any benefits and adverse consequences resulting from this choice, along with its impact on historic, existing, and future tax attributes and planning (in particular for the 2019 tax year for calendar-year taxpayers). Subject to certain requirements, taxpayers generally may apply the Final and Proposed Regulations before their applicability date, or may apply the proposed regulations released in 2018 (2018 Proposed Regulations), but generally must apply any set of regulations in their entirety. The Proposed Regulations would generally apply to tax years beginning 60 days after the date the Proposed Regulations are published as final. The Final Regulations generally are effective and generally apply to tax years beginning 60 days on or after the date the regulations are published in the Federal Register, with special effective dates for certain provisions. The FAQs provide a brief summary of existing authorities but do not shed any new light on the aggregation rules. The IRS also released FAQs on the aggregation rules that apply for purposes of the gross receipts test and determining whether a taxpayer is a small business exempt from the IRC Section 163(j) limitation. Simultaneously, the IRS also issued Notice 2020-59, which creates a safe harbor allowing taxpayers that manage or operate qualified residential living facilities to be treated as a real property trade or business solely for purposes of qualifying as an electing real property trade or business. The Final Regulations provide guidance on what constitutes interest for purposes of the limitation, how to calculate the limitation, which taxpayers and trades or business are subject to the limitation, and how the limitation applies in certain contexts (e.g., consolidated groups).Īccompanying proposed regulations ( REG-107911-18) (the Proposed Regulations) would provide additional guidance on several other aspects of the limitation, including (i) substantially revised rules for applying the limitation to US shareholders of controlled foreign corporations (CFCs), (ii) rules for foreign persons with effectively connected income (ECI), and (iii) specific aspects of the limitation as applied to partnerships, including partnerships engaged in the trade or business of trading personal property. On July 28, 2020, the Treasury Department released final regulations ( TD 9905) with guidance on applying the limitations on the deductibility of business interest expense (BIE) under IRC Section 163(j) (the Final Regulations), which was significantly modified by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) and then temporarily modified by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act). Final and proposed regulations under IRC Section 163(j) narrow definition of business interest expense, expand anti-avoidance rules and substantially revise rules for foreign corporations
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